Smart robot sayansi ndiukadaulo zochita

Makina aulimi ndi amodzi mwa maziko ofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwaulimi.M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa ulimi wamakina ku China kwakula kwambiri, ndipo deta yochokera ku Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa makina a tirigu, chimanga ndi mpunga ku China kwadutsa 97%, 90% ndi 85. % motsatana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa makina a mbewu kupitilira 71%.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, palinso kusalinganika kwa kayendetsedwe kaulimi ku China, kuchuluka kwa makina olima mbewu ndi kukolola m'madera amapiri ndi mapiri a kum'mwera ndi 51% yokha, ndipo mlingo wa makina a maulalo ofunikira mu kupanga mbewu zandalama monga thonje, mafuta, maswiti ndi tiyi wamasamba, komanso kuweta nyama, usodzi, kukonza zoyambira zaulimi, ulimi wamalo ndi minda ina ndizochepa.

Wu Kongming, pulezidenti wa Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ndi academician wa Chinese Academy of Engineering, ananena kuti chitukuko cha ulimi makina ku China ali ndi makhalidwe a "atatu ochepera atatu ndi atatu", ndi mahatchi ang'onoang'ono, sing'anga ndi otsika. -makina omaliza, ndi zida zochepa zokwera pamahatchi ndi zida zapamwamba;Pali ntchito zambiri zamakina amodzi aulimi, komanso ntchito zamakina osachita bwino kwambiri;Pali mabanja ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina olima okha, ndipo pali mabungwe ocheperako akuluakulu apadera opangira makina aulimi.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Wu Kongming adanenanso kuti zida zamakina zaulimi zimakhalabe ndi mavuto monga "inorganic usability", "palibe makina ogwiritsira ntchito bwino" komanso "organic ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito" mosiyanasiyana.Pankhani ya "kaya pali", madera amapiri ndi amapiri, malo opangira ulimi, zida zaulimi, zida zanzeru zoweta ziweto ndi zoweta nkhuku zikusowa;Pankhani ya "zabwino kapena ayi", kufunikira kwa R&D ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zaukadaulo pamalumikizidwe ofunikira monga kubzala mpunga, kukolola mtedza, mbewu zogwiririra ndi kubzala mbatata ndizofunikirabe.Pankhani ya "zabwino kwambiri kapena ayi", zimawonetsedwa mu zida zanzeru komanso kutsika kwanzeru.

Gonjetsani zovuta zaukadaulo ndikulimbitsa kusungirako tirigu muukadaulo

Sayansi ndi ukadaulo ndiye mphamvu yayikulu yopangira zinthu komanso gawo lofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo ntchito zaulimi.Zikumveka kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences motsatizana anapezerapo ntchito kafukufuku sayansi ndi luso luso monga "Mission List System", "Strong Seed Science and Technology Action", "Fertile Field Science and Technology Action" ndi "Grain Increase Science and Technology Action", ndikuwunikiranso maulalo ofooka pakukula kwaulimi, kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yaulimi ndiukadaulo, komanso kulimbikitsa njira zosungira mbewu muukadaulo.

Wu Kongming adati ngati gulu lankhondo lazasayansi komanso luso laukadaulo, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences yadzipereka kuthetsa mavuto akulu asayansi ndiukadaulo azaumoyo wa anthu, zoyambira, zonse, zanzeru komanso zamtsogolo za "madera atatu akumidzi".Makamaka kuyambira chaka cha 2017, chipatalachi chapititsa patsogolo luso la sayansi ndi zamakono pazaulimi ndi madera akumidzi, zomwe zikuthandizira kuonetsetsa kuti dziko liri ndi chakudya chokwanira, chitetezo chachilengedwe komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe.

"Smart Machine Science and Technology Action" ndi njira yofunika yotengedwa ndi Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kuti ipititse patsogolo luso la sayansi ndi luso la zida zamakina zaulimi ku China, kulimbikitsa kupezeka kwazinthu zofunikira pachimake, ndikuthetsa "khosi lokhazikika" vuto.Wu Kongming adalengeza kuti m'tsogolomu, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences idzasonkhanitsa magulu ofufuza asayansi oposa 20 kuchokera m'mabungwe 10 ochita kafukufuku m'munda wamakina ndi zida zaulimi m'sukulu yonse yamaphunziro, ndi cholinga chopanga zolakwika pamakina aulimi. zida, kuukira pachimake, ndi kulimbikitsa nzeru, kuganizira ntchito zofunika kafukufuku monga imayenera ndi wanzeru wobiriwira ulimi makina sayansi ndi sayansi kafukufuku luso, luso mgwirizano wa ulimi makina sayansi ndi mabizinesi luso luso, ndi ulimi makina luso nsanja kuwongolera, ndi kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa leapfrog chitukuko cha zida zamakina aku China ndiukadaulo wamakina waulimi pofika chaka cha 2030, ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili m'dziko.

Yang'anani pa vuto la khosi ndikugonjetsa botolo la sayansi ndi ukadaulo

"Kukula kwa makina a ulimi ku China kwadutsa magawo anayi."Chen Qiaomin, mkulu wa Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanisation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, adalengeza kuti, "Nthawi yamakina aulimi 1.0 imathetsa vuto lakusintha mphamvu za anthu ndi nyama ndi makina amakina, nthawi ya 2.0 imathetsa vuto lazinthu zambiri. makina, nthawi ya 3.0 makamaka imathetsa vuto la chidziwitso, ndipo nthawi ya 4.0 ndi nthawi ya makina ndi luntha."Pakalipano, kuchuluka kwa makina olima ndi kukolola m'dzikoli kwadutsa 71%, ndipo kukula kwa makina amtundu wa 1.0 mpaka 4.0 kwawonetsedwa."

"Smart Robot Technology Action" yomwe idakhazikitsidwa nthawi ino ili ndi ntchito zisanu ndi imodzi.Chen Qiaomin adalengeza kuti ntchito zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi zikuphatikiza "kukhazikitsa zida zamakina zamakina, zida zapamapiri ndi zamapiri, zida zamakono zaulimi, luntha la zida zaulimi, zida zazikulu zaulimi ndi luntha lochita kupanga, zoyenera kuphatikiza ukadaulo waukadaulo waukadaulo" ndi mbali zina.Kuti izi zitheke, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences adzachita zinthu zenizeni monga "kuukira pachimake", "kupanga zolakwa" ndi "luntha lamphamvu" kuti athane ndi mavuto akuluakulu mu sayansi yobiriwira yaulimi yamakina a sayansi ndi zamakono, luso logwirizana. zochita zamakampani azaulimi zamakina asayansi ndiukadaulo, ndikuchita bwino pamapulatifomu opanga makina aulimi.

"Smart Robot Technology Initiative" imayikanso zolinga nthawi zosiyanasiyana.Chen Qiaomin adalengeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2023, luso la sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamakina ndi zida zaulimi zipitilirabe bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru pazakudya kudzakulitsidwa, komanso vuto la "kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe" la maulalo ofooka a ndalama zazikulu. mbewu zidzathetsedwa.Pofika chaka cha 2025, zida zamakina zaulimi ndiukadaulo wamakina azaulimi zidzakwaniritsidwa "kuyambira kale mpaka kumaliza", madera ofooka ndi maulalo ukadaulo wamakina adzathetsedwa, makina ndi luntha lazidziwitso zidzaphatikizidwanso, ndipo kudalirika kwazinthu ndi kusinthika kwazinthu kudzakhala bwino kwambiri. .Pofika chaka cha 2030, zida zamakina aulimi ndiukadaulo wamakina azaulimi "zidzakhala "zambiri mpaka zabwino kwambiri", kudalirika kwa zida ndi magwiridwe antchito zidzakula kwambiri, ndipo mulingo wanzeru udzafika pamlingo wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi.